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In-Car Audio Systems: Technological Advances, Core Challenges, and Future Outlook

Nov 21, 2025

I. Current Technology and Core Breakthroughs

1. Hardware Upgrades and Sound Field Reconstruction

Proliferation of Speakers and Innovative Layouts:

The 2025 ZHIJIE R7 features a 21-speaker HUAWEI SOUND system (including 4 overhead speakers) with a total power output of 2080W, supporting 7.1.4 immersive audio for precise vertical sound localization.

The global automotive speaker market is projected to grow from $4.975 billion in 2024 to $8.209 billion by 2031, at a CAGR of 7.8%, driving the number of speakers in premium models to exceed 20.


Innovations in Materials and Structure:

German brand ETON's GRAPHIT S3 3-way speaker uses a carbon fiber tweeter and a magnesium-aluminum alloy mid-range cone, weighing only 1.8kg with a peak power of 120W. Tests show a 40% improvement in soundstage accuracy even at 60 km/h.

Huawei SOUND employs Schroeder diffuser technology to widen the high-frequency dispersion angle to 210°, enhanced by an "acoustic lens" for better directivity.

 

2. Software Tuning and Intelligent Upgrades

AI Algorithms and Immersive Audio Adaptation: 

BYD's DiLink Audio system integrates a vocal emotion engine that analyzes user voice characteristics via a microphone array to dynamically adjust sound profiles, with a response latency below 80ms.

The domestic WANOS immersive audio technology, adapted for the Dongfeng eπ 007, supports object-based audio rendering, enabling features like navigation prompts that seem to originate from the direction of a virtual intersection.

 

OTA Updates Expanding Functionality:

The ZEEKR 009 introduced an Acoustic Active Road Noise Cancellation feature via FOTA, which uses suspension sensor data to generate counteracting sound waves, reducing mid-to-low frequency cabin noise by 12 dB in tests.

 

3. System Integration and Interactive Innovation

Hardware Fusion and Spatial Audio:

Continental's "Acoustic Surface" technology integrates exciters into the windshield, turning the glass itself into a speaker diaphragm with a frequency range of 80Hz-18kHz.

The Tesla Model S Plaid combines active noise cancellation with seat vibration sensors, analyzing body structure resonance frequencies to optimize low-frequency response.

 

Advancements in Multi-Modal Interaction:

NIO's NOMI 2.0 adds micro-expression monitoring, using an infrared camera to analyze 27 facial features (like lip corners and brow muscles) to inform music recommendations.

 

II. Core Technical Challenges

1. Balancing Cost and Performance

High-end DSP chips and multi-sensor fusion solutions (e.g., 4D imaging radar + acoustic microphone arrays) increase the Bill of Materials (BOM) cost by 25%. Models under ¥200,000 rely on domestic computing solutions like the Black Sesame A2000 controller to reduce costs by 30%.

The calibration complexity for radar and acoustic sensors is 35% higher than for vision-only systems, necessitating the development of lightweight calibration algorithms.

 

2. Standardization and Ecosystem Synergy

The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers is promoting the "In-Vehicle Audio-Video Interconnection Standard," achieving a 58% interface compatibility rate among Huawei HarmonyOS, Xiaomi HyperOS, and NIO Blue Sky Link.

Adaptation costs for automaker-developed OS and third-party apps remain high (billions of RMB). Alibaba's Banma Zhixing "Meta-Native" framework reduces these adaptation costs by 40%.

 

3. Adaptability in Extreme Environments

In strong light/rain/fog, Ofilm's "Polarized Binocular Stereo Camera" improves recognition accuracy by 35%, maintaining an 89% effective recognition rate in adverse weather.

The new BYD Han model features a vocal print + ECG fusion authentication system that uses seat-integrated ECG sensors to collect heart rate variability data, achieving a 98.5% identity verification accuracy even when the driver is wearing a mask.

 

III. Future Development Trends

1. Centralized Architecture and Energy Efficiency Revolution

By 2026, mainstream models will adopt "Central Computing + Zonal Audio" architectures. NVIDIA's DRIVE Thor chip integrates an audio processing unit with 8000 TOPS of compute power, supporting 48 independent audio streams.

Microsoft's "on-chip microfluidic" cooling technology, which etches liquid cooling channels directly into the chip, improves heat dissipation efficiency by 3x and reduces GPU temperature rise by 65%, making it applicable to high-power audio amplifiers.

 

2. Unobtrusive and Emotional Interaction

BrainCo and GAC Aion are co-developing a non-invasive EEG-sensing headrest capable of recognizing 5 thought commands (e.g., song skip/volume control) with 88% accuracy, slated for in-car pre-research in 2026.

Li Auto's AD-Max 3.0 system provides health warnings by monitoring heart and respiratory rates, linking this data with the audio system to play relaxing music.


3. Ecosystem Integration and Data Value Mining

China Mobile offers a "Cloud Sound Field" service based on its 5G-Advanced network, enabling real-time 360° audio stream transmission with an end-to-end latency of ≤8ms.

Federated learning technology facilitates anonymous driving behavior data transactions. The data platform jointly built by ByteDance and NIO is expected to generate annual revenue of approximately ¥20 billion.

 

4. Green Technology and Sustainable Development

Pret's bamboo fiber composite diaphragm reduces carbon footprint by 50% and offers 3x the stiffness of traditional paper cones, already deployed in the AITO M9.

BYD's solar roof achieves a conversion efficiency of 23%, with 720W power output, adding up to 50 km of range daily and saving an estimated ¥2000 in fuel costs annually.

The Nissan Sakura EV, equipped with a solar panel extension module, gains up to 3000 km of range annually, sufficient for about 1.5 months of city commuting.


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